Specifications
* Some specifications are also given in the text of the chapter, and where their observance is mandatory they are shown in bold.
Design
Thermosiphon type with vane water pump. Thermostatic control. With a separate expansion tank. The electric fan is switched on and off by a thermal switch. Some models use a chemical heat accumulator.
System Capacity

Antifreeze
Freeze Protection
To increase freeze protection down to -35°C, drain the coolant and fill with antifreeze concentrate in the following amount:

Threaded Connection Tightening Torques
Fastener tightening torques are given in the text of this Chapter and in some illustrations*.
*Torques printed in bold in the text must be followed precisely; torques not printed in bold are approximate values only.

Test yourself
A quick BMW 1 quiz: every answer comes with an explanation and a link to the manual page.