Powertrain

Diagnosis and Testing - Evaporative Emissions

~21min read
1special tools

Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Chart

The diagnosis in this manual assumes a certain level of skill and knowledge of Ford-approved diagnostic procedures.
REFER TO: Diagnostic Methods (100-00 General Information, Description and Operation).


Module Trouble Code Description Action
PCM P00FE:00 EVAP system tank vapor line restricted/blocked: no subtype information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P043E:00 EVAP system leak detection reference orifice low flow: no subtype information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P043F:00 EVAP system leak detection reference orifice high flow: no subtype information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P0442:00 EVAP system leak detected (small leak): no subtype information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P0443:00 EVAP system purge control valve "A" circuit: no subtype information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P0446:00 EVAP system vent control circuit: no subtype information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P0451:00 EVAP system pressure sensor/switch "A" circuit range/performance: no subtype information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P0452:00 EVAP system pressure sensor/switch "A" low signal: no subtype information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P0453:00 EVAP system pressure sensor/switch "A" circuit high signal: no subtype information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P0454:00 EVAP system pressure sensor/switch "A" circuit intermittent signal: no subtype information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P0455:00 EVAP system leak detected - large leak: no subtype information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P0456:00 EVAP system leak detected (very small leak): no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P0457:00 EVAP system leak detected (fuel filler cap loose/off): no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P0496:00 EVAP system purge flow high: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P04EA:00 EVAP system small leak detected - fuel tank side: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P04EB:00 EVAP system small leak detected - fresh air side: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P04ED:00 EVAP system large leak detected - fresh air side: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P04EE:00 EVAP system very small leak detected - fuel tank side: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P04EF:00 EVAP system very small leak detected - fresh air side: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P04F0:00 EVAP system purge line A performance high load: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P144A:00 EVAP system purge vapor line restricted/blocked: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P144B:00 EVAP system secondary purge vapor line blocked/restricted: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P144C:00 EVAP system purge flow characteristics during boost: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P1450:00 Unable to bleed vacuum from fuel tank: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P2401:00 EVAP system leak detection pump control circuit low signal level: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P2402:00 EVAP system leak detection pump control circuit high signal level: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P2418:00 EVAP system changeover valve "A" control circuit/open: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P2450:00 EVAP system changeover valve "A" performance / stuck open: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P2451:00 EVAP system changeover valve "A" stuck closed: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P24B9:00 EVAP system leak detection pump pressure sensor circuit range/performance: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P24BA:00 EVAP system leak detection pump pressure sensor circuit low level: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P24BB:00 EVAP system leak detection pump pressure sensor circuit high level: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P24BC:00 EVAP system leak detection pump pressure sensor circuit intermittent signal: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P24BE:00 EVAP system leak detection pump changeover valve control circuit low level: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P24BF:00 EVAP system leak detection pump changeover valve control circuit high level: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P24C0:00 EVAP system leak detection pump changeover valve stuck on: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P24C1:00 EVAP system leak detection pump changeover valve performance/stuck off: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P260F:00 EVAP system monitor processor performance: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P2DDA:00 EVAP system leak detection pump performance/stuck off: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test
PCM P2DDB:00 EVAP system leak detection pump stuck on: no sub-type information GO to HX Precision Test

Global Customer Symptom Codes (GCSC) Table

The diagnosis in this manual assumes a certain level of skill and knowledge of Ford-approved diagnostic procedures.
REFER TO: Diagnostic Methods (100-00 General Information, Description and Operation).


Symptom Action
Drivability > Idle Quality > Rough > Always GO to HX Precision Test
Drivability > Stalls/Stops > At Idle > Always GO to HX Precision Test
Drivability > Engine Surge > At Idle > Always GO to HX Precision Test

Pinpoint Tests


HX PRECISION TEST: EVAPORATIVE EMISSION (EVAP) SYSTEM AND MONITOR
Introduction

NOTICE: Do not apply smoke to the EVAP leak detection module. This may damage the internal module.

  • Using soapy water around the fuel filler neck, with or without the fuel filler cap (if equipped), or using a hydrocarbon emissions analyzer to locate the source of an EVAP system leak is not recommended.
  • When using the Fuel Vapor Leak Detector with on-board nitrogen generator 218-522C or equivalent, the fuel tank level must be less than 85%.

Normal Operation and Fault Symptoms

For more information on the EVAP system, refer to Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Systems.

DTC Fault Trigger Conditions

Trouble Code Description Fault Trigger Condition
PCM P00FE:00 EVAP system tank vapor line restricted/blocked: no subtype information Sets when the PCM detects a restriction and the counter increments and reaches the calibrated number of completions. The PCM monitors the EVAP system restricted fuel vapor tube between the fuel tank pressure sensor and the fuel tank. During the initial stage of the EVAP monitor, the PCM closes the canister vent valve and a vacuum is created in the fuel vapor tube and lines and in the fuel tank. The PCM monitors the fuel tank pressure sensor to determine the amount of vacuum and how quickly the vacuum increases. The rate at which the vacuum increases is compared to an expected value. If the vacuum increases faster than expected, a blocked fuel vapor tube is suspected, and in the final stage of the study an intrusive test of the EVAP monitor is performed. Inspect the fuel vapor tube for obstructions between the fuel tank pressure sensor and the fuel tank.
PCM P043E:00 EVAP system leak detection reference orifice low flow: no subtype information Sets when the PCM detects an internal fault in the EVAP leak detection module.
PCM P043F:00 EVAP system leak detection reference orifice high flow: no subtype information Sets when the PCM detects an internal fault in the EVAP leak detection module.
PCM P0442:00 EVAP system leak detected (small leak): no subtype information Sets when the PCM detects a small fuel vapor leak during the EVAP Leak Monitor test with the engine running. Check for a missing or loose fuel cap (if equipped). Check that the fuel tank filler neck without a cap is properly sealed (if equipped). Install and remove the auxiliary refueling adapter five times in the capless fuel tank filler pipe to clear debris from the seal. Refer to the Owner's Literature for the location of the auxiliary refueling adapter in the vehicle. Check for loose or damaged vapor hoses. Visually inspect the EVAP canister inlet, the EVAP canister purge valve, the EVAP canister vent valve, the filter, and the EVAP canister vent hose for contamination or debris.
PCM P0443:00 EVAP system purge control valve "A" circuit: no subtype information Sets when the PCM detects that the signal is outside the minimum or maximum limit for a given condition. To check normal operation, monitor the EVMV PID or EVAP canister pressure PID and the signal voltage (PCM control side). With the valve closed, the EVMV shows 0 mA (0% duty cycle for EVAP canister pressure) and a voltage approximately equal to battery voltage. When the valve is commanded fully open, the EVMV shows 1000 mA (100% duty cycle for EVAP canister pressure) and a voltage drop of at least 3 volts is normal.
PCM P0446:00 EVAP system vent control circuit: no subtype information Sets when the PCM detects that the signal is outside the minimum or maximum calibrated limits for the EVAP canister vent valve duty cycle commanded by the PCM. To check normal operation, monitor the EVAP Canister Vent PID and the signal voltage (PCM control side). With the valve open, the EVAP Canister Vent shows 0% duty cycle and a voltage approximately equal to battery voltage. When the valve is commanded fully closed, the EVAP Canister Vent shows 100% duty cycle and a minimum voltage drop of 4 volts is normal.
PCM P0451:00 EVAP system pressure sensor/switch "A" circuit range/performance: no subtype information Sets when the PCM detects a range (offset) fault in the Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) sensor. The FTP sensor output is offset by more than 1.7 inH2O or less than -1.7 inH2O. If the Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) sensor is at atmospheric pressure, the FTP PID normally shows 0 inH2O. Remove the fuel cap or, for vehicles with a capless filler neck, install the auxiliary refueling adapter supplied with the vehicle to open the capless fuel tank filler pipe. After installing the auxiliary refueling adapter or removing the fuel cap, wait one minute for the fuel tank to equalize with ambient air pressure before accessing the PID.
PCM P0452:00 EVAP system pressure sensor/switch "A" low signal: no subtype information Sets when the PCM detects that the average signal of the Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) sensor falls below the minimum calibrated limit. An FTP PID voltage less than 0.22 V with the ignition on, engine off, or ignition on, engine running indicates a problem.
PCM P0453:00 EVAP system pressure sensor/switch "A" circuit high signal: no subtype information Sets when the PCM detects that the average signal of the Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) sensor spikes above the maximum calibrated limit. An FTP PID voltage greater than 4.85 V with the ignition on, engine off, or ignition on, engine running indicates a problem.
PCM P0454:00 EVAP system pressure sensor/switch "A" circuit intermittent signal: no subtype information Sets when the PCM detects a change in fuel tank pressure of more than 14 inH2O in 0.10 second. Monitor the FTP PID and note if it changes from more than 15 inH2O to less than minus (-) 15 inH2O frequently within 1 minute.
PCM P0455:00 EVAP system leak detected - large leak: no subtype information Sets when the PCM does not detect purge flow, which is associated with an EVAP restriction, a large fuel vapor leak, or multiple small fuel vapor leaks detected during the EVAP Leak Monitor test with the engine running but not at idle. The PCM monitors the entire EVAP control system for lack of purge flow, the presence of a large fuel vapor leak, or multiple small fuel vapor leaks. Check for an audible vacuum noise or a strong fuel odor in the engine compartment or near the EVAP canister and fuel tank. Make sure the fuel tank filler neck without a cap is properly sealed. Install and remove the auxiliary refueling adapter five times in the fuel tank filler neck to clear debris from the seal. Refer to the Owner's Literature for the location of the auxiliary refueling adapter in the vehicle.
PCM P0456:00 EVAP system leak detected (very small leak): no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects a very small fuel vapor leak from the engine off natural vacuum leak monitor test. Refer to EVAP System Leak Check. For monitor description, refer to Engine Off Natural Vacuum Leak Detection Monitor Additional Information. Check for a missing or loose fuel cap or cap integrity (if equipped). Make sure the fuel tank filler neck without a cap is closed properly (if equipped). Install and remove the auxiliary refueling adapter five times in the capless fuel tank filler pipe to clear debris from the seal. Refer to the Owner's Literature for the location of the auxiliary refueling adapter in the vehicle. Check for loose or damaged vapor hoses. Visually inspect the EVAP canister inlet, the EVAP canister purge valve, the EVAP canister vent valve, the filter, and the EVAP canister vent hose for contamination or debris.
PCM P0457:00 EVAP system leak detected (fuel filler cap loose/off): no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects a large leak with the refueling flag set and a loose fuel cap (if equipped) or an improperly closed fuel tank with no cap, fuel fill pipe (if equipped) is suspected. On most vehicles, the IPC message display prompts the driver to check the fuel cap or the fuel fill pipe on a fuel tank without a cap (if equipped). The PCM continuously monitors the fuel level and stores the last updated value until the ignition is turned to OFF. After the ignition is turned to ON, a new fuel level is taken and compared with the level stored at ignition OFF. If the fuel level increases, the PCM sets a flag indicating that the vehicle has been refueled. Check for the presence or absence of the fuel cap or the integrity of the fuel cap (if equipped). Make sure the fuel fill neck is closed correctly (if equipped). Install and remove the auxiliary refueling adapter five times in the fuel fill pipe without a cap to clean debris from the seal. Refer to the Owner's Literature to locate the auxiliary refueling adapter on the vehicle. If everything is in order, clear the Continuous Memory Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) and check the system for proper operation.
PCM P0496:00 EVAP system purge flow high: no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects that the EVAP loss monitor detects excessive vacuum in the fuel tank with the engine running but not at idle. Visually inspect the EVAP canister vent inlet, EVAP canister purge valve filter, and EVAP canister vent hose for contamination or debris. Check the EVAP canister purge valve for vacuum leakage.
PCM P04EA:00 EVAP system small leak detected - fuel tank side: no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects a fuel vapor leak from a hole as small as 1.016 mm (0.040 in) between the fuel fill neck and the fuel tank isolation valve.
PCM P04EB:00 EVAP system small leak detected - fresh air side: no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects a fuel vapor leak from a hole of 1.016 mm (0.040 in) or larger between the EVAP leak detection pump module and the fuel tank shut-off valve.
PCM P04ED:00 EVAP system large leak detected - fresh air side: no sub-type information Sets when the PCM does not detect purge flow, which is associated with a fuel vapor restriction, a large fuel vapor leak, or multiple fuel vapor leaks detected by the EVAP monitor. The EVAP system is monitored for lack of purge flow, presence of a large fuel vapor leak, or multiple small fuel vapor leaks between the EVAP leak detection pump module and the fuel tank shut-off valve. Check for an audible vacuum noise or a strong fuel odor in the engine compartment or near the EVAP canister.
PCM P04EE:00 EVAP system very small leak detected - fuel tank side: no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects a fuel vapor leak from a hole as small as 0.508 mm (0.020 in) between the fuel fill neck and the fuel tank shut-off valve.
PCM P04EF:00 EVAP system very small leak detected - fresh air side: no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects a fuel vapor leak from a hole of 0.508 mm (0.020 in) or larger between the EVAP leak detection pump module and the fuel tank shut-off valve.
PCM P04F0:00 EVAP system purge line A performance high load: no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects that the fuel tank pressure exceeds the calibrated value for a specified amount of time during the test (one-way check valve), or when the fuel tank vacuum is less than the calibrated value for a specified time, or when the fuel tank pressure exceeds the calibrated amount for a specified period of time during the test (two-way check valve). The EVAP check valve test is performed during minimum boost conditions, once per drive cycle, when the entry conditions are met.
PCM P144A:00 EVAP system purge vapor line restricted/blocked: no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects that the intrusive test confirms a restriction and the counter increments, and the counter reaches the calibrated number of completions. The PCM monitors the EVAP system for a restricted fuel vapor tube between the fuel tank pressure sensor and the fuel tank. In the initial phase of the EVAP monitor, the PCM closes the canister vent, and vacuum builds in the fuel vapor tubes and lines and in the fuel tank. The PCM monitors the fuel tank pressure sensor to determine the amount of vacuum and how quickly the vacuum builds. The rate at which the vacuum increases is compared with the expected value. If the vacuum increases faster than expected, a restricted fuel vapor tube is suspected, and in the final phase of the test an intrusive EVAP monitor test is performed. Check the fuel vapor tube for obstructions between the FTP sensor and the fuel tank.
PCM P144B:00 EVAP system secondary purge vapor line blocked/restricted: no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects that the EVAP vent tube for the EVAP leak detection pump module is restricted. Check for restrictions in the EVAP vent tube between the EVAP leak detection pump module and the fresh air inlet. Inspect the connectors for signs of damage or corrosion.
PCM P144C:00 EVAP system purge flow characteristics during boost: no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects that the fuel tank pressure exceeds the calibrated value for a specified amount of time during the test (one-way check valve), or when the fuel tank vacuum is less than the calibrated value for a specified time, or when the fuel tank pressure exceeds the calibrated amount for a specified period of time during the test (two-way check valve). The EVAP check valve test is performed during minimum boost conditions, once per drive cycle, when the entry conditions are met.
PCM P1450:00 Unable to bleed vacuum from fuel tank: no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects that the EVAP loss monitor detects excessive vacuum in the fuel tank with the engine running but not at idle. Visually inspect the EVAP canister vent inlet, EVAP canister purge valve filter, and EVAP canister vent hose for contamination or debris. Check the EVAP canister purge valve for vacuum leakage.
PCM P2401:00 EVAP system leak detection pump control circuit low signal level: no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects a fault in the vacuum pump circuits of the EVAP leak detection pump module.
PCM P2402:00 EVAP system leak detection pump control circuit high signal level: no sub-type information Sets when the PCM detects a fault in the vacuum pump circuits of the EVAP leak detection pump module.
PCM P2418:00 EVAP system changeover valve "A" control circuit/open: no sub-type information Set when the PCM detects that the EVAP canister purge valve control signal is outside the minimum or maximum limit.
PCM P2450:00 EVAP system changeover valve "A" performance / stuck open: no sub-type information Set when the PCM detects that the vacuum decay rate exceeds the calibrated threshold. The PCM commands the EVAP vapor isolation valve closed while vacuum is present in the fuel tank. If the valve does not close, the vacuum in the tank is lost quickly. Retrieve all continuous memory and on-demand self-test Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) from the PCM. Diagnose any circuit related to the EVAP vapor isolation valve DTCs before diagnosing the performance DTC. Visually inspect the EVAP canister inlet, EVAP canister purge valve filter, fresh air hose and canister vent hose assembly for restrictions, contamination or debris.
PCM P2451:00 EVAP system changeover valve "A" stuck closed: no sub-type information Set when the PCM detects that the decay rate is below the calibrated threshold. The PCM commands the fuel tank isolation valve open when vacuum is present in the fuel tank. If the fuel tank isolation valve does not open, vacuum remains in the tank. Retrieve all continuous memory and on-demand self-test Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) from the PCM. Diagnose and repair any DTC P2418 or any fuel tank pressure (FTP) sensor concern before diagnosing the performance DTC.
PCM P24B9:00 EVAP system leak detection pump pressure sensor circuit range/performance: no sub-type information Set when the PCM detects that the EVAP leak detection pump pressure sensor signal is outside the acceptable limits.
PCM P24BA:00 EVAP system leak detection pump pressure sensor circuit low level: no sub-type information Set when the PCM detects that the EVAP leak detection pump pressure sensor signal is below the minimum acceptable calibrated parameter.
PCM P24BB:00 EVAP system leak detection pump pressure sensor circuit high level: no sub-type information Set when the PCM detects that the EVAP leak detection pump pressure sensor signal is above the maximum acceptable calibrated parameter.
PCM P24BC:00 EVAP system leak detection pump pressure sensor circuit intermittent signal: no sub-type information Set when the PCM detects an intermittent fault in the EVAP leak detection pump pressure sensor circuits.
PCM P24BE:00 EVAP system leak detection pump changeover valve control circuit low level: no sub-type information Set when the PCM detects a fault in the switching valve circuit of the EVAP leak detection pump.
PCM P24BF:00 EVAP system leak detection pump changeover valve control circuit high level: no sub-type information Set when the PCM detects a fault in the switching valve circuit of the EVAP leak detection pump.
PCM P24C0:00 EVAP system leak detection pump changeover valve stuck on: no sub-type information Set when the PCM detects that the EVAP leak detection pump switching valve is stuck closed.
PCM P24C1:00 EVAP system leak detection pump changeover valve performance/stuck off: no sub-type information Set when the PCM detects that the EVAP leak detection pump switching valve is stuck open.
PCM P2DDA:00 EVAP system leak detection pump performance/stuck off: no sub-type information Set when a fault is detected in the vacuum pump circuits of the EVAP leak detection pump.
PCM P2DDB:00 EVAP system leak detection pump stuck on: no sub-type information Set when a fault is detected in the vacuum pump circuits of the EVAP leak detection pump.
PCM P260F:00 EVAP system monitor processor performance: no sub-type information Set when the PCM detects an internal fault. The microprocessor that controls the engine monitors the natural vacuum leak. Verify that the monitor is separate from the main processor inside the PCM. Make sure the PCM is at the latest calibration level. Reprogram if necessary.

Possible Sources

  • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor Circuit Concerns
  • EVAP Component Circuit Concern
  • EVAP Check Valve
  • EVAP Vapor Isolation Valve
  • Fuel Tank Isolation Valve
  • Fuel Vapor Tube
  • Fuel Pump (FP) Module Concern
  • EVAP Canister Vent Valve (9F945)
  • Fuel Tank Cap (9030)
  • Fuel Filler Neck without Cap (9034)
  • Fuel tank pressure sensor (9C052)
  • EVAP Canister Purge Valve (9C915)
  • PCM Calibration
  • PCM (12A650)

Test yourself

A quick Ford Escape quiz: every answer comes with an explanation and a link to the manual page.