Kia Soul EV Owner's Manual Quiz
Body Electrical System

Description and Operation

In this manual: Body Electrical System
General Information — 17Maintenance — 17Drive Shaft and Axle — 15Suspension System — 36Steering — 24Restraints — 48Brake System — 37Body (Interior and Exterior) — 207Body Electrical System — 203Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning — 80Electric Vehicle Battery System — 115
23steps
~138min
4/5difficulty
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System Configuration

PAS consists of 8 sensors (4 front and 4 rear) that detect obstacles and transmit the result at three separate warning levels: first, second and third, to the IPM (BCM) via LIN communication. The IPM (BCM) determines the warning level based on the message transmitted from the slave sensors, and then activates the buzzer or transmits data for display. Block diagram
System Operation Specification
  1. Initial mode - Front sensor
    1. System initialization time is 500 ms after IGN1 + initial D range transmission + below 10 km/h.
    2. PAS recognizes the LID and sets the sensor identifier during initialization.
    3. PAS activates each sensor, then performs diagnostics after IPM (BCM) initialization is complete.
    4. The PAS start buzzer sounds when the sensors do not transmit error messages after error diagnosis is complete.
    5. If a failure notification is received from any sensor, the PAS start buzzer does not sound; however, the warning alarm takes effect immediately.
    6. The sensor failure buzzer sounds only once while the failure notification is continuously displayed, until the system is fully repaired.
    7. The IPM (BCM) stores the fully initialized state of the front sensor until IGN1 is turned off and will initialize the next time it is set to D.
    8. The system will not initialize if the PAS SW is off.
    9. If the PAS switch is turned on in the following condition, it activates initialization.
      • PAS turns off when IGN1 is on.
      • PAS turns on when vehicle speed is below 10 km/h.
    10. Initialization will be activated regardless of parking brake operation.
  2. Initial mode - Rear sensor
    1. System initialization time is 500 ms after IGN1 + initial R gear.
    2. PAS recognizes the LID and sets the sensor identifier during initialization.
    3. PAS activates each sensor, then performs diagnostics after IPM (BCM) initialization is complete.
    4. The PAS start buzzer sounds when the sensors do not transmit error messages after error diagnosis is complete.
    5. If a failure notification is received from any of the sensors, the PAS buzzer does not operate; however, the warning alarm operates immediately. If the vehicle is equipped with a display, the warning indicator is also displayed on it.
    6. The sensor failure buzzer sounds only once while the failure notification is continuously displayed, until the system is fully repaired.
    7. The IPM (BCM) stores the full initialized state of the front sensor until IGN1 is turned OFF and is initialized the next time. Shift to P.
    8. Initialization will be activated regardless of parking brake operation.
  3. Normal mode - Front sensor
    1. LIN communication starts and continues operating after IGN1 ON + D shift below 10 km/h.
    2. After initialization, the subroutine starts immediately without the PAS start warning beep.
    3. Obstacle warnings are divided into 3 levels (steps 1, 2 & 3). Steps 1 and 2 are indicated by intermittent sounds, and step 3 is indicated by a continuous sound. Level 1 warning does not exist for the front ultrasonic sensor.
      • Type with display
      • Level 2 warning: Display only, no buzzer alarm
      • Level 3 warning: Buzzer alarm + display
      • Type without display: Warning only
    4. When sending data to the cluster display, for example, data from each sensor is sent from the IPM (BCM) to the display. CAN communication is used for transmission with a maximum gateway time of 50 ms.
    5. The effective vehicle speed for PAS operation is less than 10 km/h.
    6. It does not operate when the PAS SW is OFF.
    7. It operates regardless of the parking brake operation.
    8. Operation stops and cannot start when the shift lever is in the N or P position.
  4. Normal mode - Rear sensor
    1. LIN communication starts and continues operating after IGN1 ON + R shift.
    2. The BCM sends a message to each sensor as an operation request to check the initial system state, and the four sensors respond. If no problem is detected, the alarm starts 500 ms after shifting to R, at 300 ms intervals.
    3. After initialization, normal mode starts 100 ms after the alarm output is completed.
    4. Obstacle warnings are divided into 3 levels. The first and second warnings are indicated by an intermittent sound, and the third warning is indicated by a continuous sound.
    5. When sending data to the cluster display, for example, data from each sensor is sent from the BCM to the display. CAN communication is used for transmission with a maximum gateway time of 50 ms.
    6. It operates regardless of vehicle speed.
    7. When the PAS SW is OFF, it automatically switches to ON when it detects that the shift lever is in the R position.
    8. It operates regardless of the parking brake operation.
    9. Operation stops and cannot start when the shift lever is in the N or P position.
  5. Measurement conditions: PVC pole (diameter 75 mm, length 3 m), at room temperature.
  6. Distance error range to detected objects (measured directly in front of the sensor)
    Position Level Distance Range
    cm inch
    Front 1st 61 ~100 (±15) 24,0 ~ 39,4 (±5,9)
    2nd 31 ~ 60 (±15) 12,2 ~ 23,6 (±5,9)
    3rd Less than 30 (±10) Less than 11.8 (±3.9)
    Rear 1st 61 ~120 (±15) 24,0 ~ 47,2 (±5,9)
    2nd 31 ~ 60 (±15) 12,2 ~ 23,6 (±5,9)
    3rd Less than 30 (±10) Less than 11.8 (±3.9)
Detection Zone / Horizontal Detection Zone / Vertical Detection Zone / Distance Measurement

Direct measurement

Transmission and reception are performed by one sensor. (FL, FCL, FCR, FR, RL, RCL, RCR, RR for each sensor configuration)

Indirect measurement

(FCL > FL, FCL > FCR, FCR > FCL, FCR > FR, RCL > RL, RCL > RCR, RCR > RCL, RCR > RR, performed in order) With two or three sensors, one of them transmits and the others receive.

Direct and indirect measurement at the same time

With two or three sensors, one of them performs both transmission and reception, and the others perform reception only.
RPAS Warning System: When an RPAS sensor detects an object, a warning is issued by an audible warning device such as a buzzer. The RPAS sensor sends data to the BCM via LIN communication, and the BCM issues an audible warning for each RPAS sensor by priority. It then acts as a gateway only when it sends a visual warning to a display device such as the cluster.
  • When information is received from the RL/RR sensors, the BCM directly processes each sensor's information according to the display and buzzer output functions. For the CL/CR sensor buzzer output, the BCM processes the integrated information of both sensors in priority order. However, when displaying fault information, the BCM sends the information of each sensor to the cluster.
System Operation Specification - Front Sensor: When the system is powered (after IGN ON and D range), the MICOM checks each sensor channel. If no errors are detected, the buzzer sounds every 500 ms thereafter. However, when an error is detected in even one sensor, the buzzer corresponding to the faulty sensor sounds instead of the initial start alarm. When the PAS switch is off, the system does not operate. The normal mode entry function is as follows.
* In the initial mode, the IPM (BCM) evaluates only sensor faults. When the transmission is in D range, the system operates as follows.
When the transmission is shifted out of D range, the system operates as follows.
System Operation Specification - Rear Sensor: When the system is powered (after IGN ON and R range), the MICOM checks each sensor channel. If no errors are detected, the buzzer sounds every 300 ms, and then every 500 ms. However, when an error is detected in even one sensor, the buzzer corresponding to the faulty sensor sounds instead of the initial start alarm. The function for entering normal mode is as follows.
When the transmission is in R range, the system operates as follows.
When the transmission is shifted out of R range, the system operates as follows.
? Permissible signal waveform error ±10%. Alarm output characteristics are classified by distance between sensors. The logic state by alarm level priority is as follows (when identical sensors are used).
* Value determination
  1. Low-priority sensor off: ? = 0 ms
  2. Low-priority sensor - 1st warning level: ? < 340 ms
  3. Low-priority sensor - 2nd warning level: ? < 170 ms
  4. Low-priority sensor - 1st warning level: ? = 1700 ms
  5. Low-priority sensor - 2nd warning level: ? = 1700 ms
  6. Low-priority sensor - 3rd warning level: ? = 700 ms
  7. First warning zone (front: 61 cm (24 in) ~ 100 cm (39.4 in), rear: 81 cm (31.9 in) ~ 120 cm (47.2 in))
  8. Second warning zone (front: 31 cm (12.2 in) ~ 60 cm (23.6 in), rear: 41 cm (16.1 in) ~ 80 cm (31.5 in))
  9. Third warning zone (front: less than 20 cm (7.9 in), rear: less than 40 cm (15.7 in))
  10. Alarm period
    1. With visible display
* ? Alarm control by activation distance is performed as follows: Visual warning indicator specification.

Front warning display

When the system is operating, the indicator on the display lights as shown in the following illustrations. When the system detects an object, the indicator lights immediately.
  1. Distance warning level — front sensor
    • First warning: 61–100 cm (24–39.4 in)
    • Second warning: 31–60 cm (12.2–23.6 in)
    • Third warning: less than 30 cm (11.8 in)
    * It displays only the position of the detected obstacle. * The indicator flashes every second when the third warning is activated.

Rear warning display

  1. Distance warning level — rear sensor. When the shift lever is in the R position, the instrument cluster illuminates the indicator according to the following illustrations. When the system detects an object, it immediately illuminates the indicator. However, when there is no object, the indicator shows the "No alarm" status for two seconds and then turns off when an object is detected. (When changing to the third warning without alarm status, the third warning is displayed for two seconds and then turns off.)
    • First warning: 61–120 cm (24–47.2 in)
    • Second warning: 31–60 cm (12.2–23.6 in)
    • Third warning: less than 30 cm (11.8 in)
    * It displays only the position of the detected obstacle. * The indicator flashes every second when the third warning is activated. * Built-in display (FCL/FCR, RCL/RCR)
Malfunction Handling

LIN BUS Off case

Section Fault recognition condition Fault release condition
Initial routine LIN BUS OFF is detected once Fault is not reset in the initial mode.
Normal routine LIN BUS OFF is detected four times in succession The fault is released when the BCM or LIN master detects that the LIN bus is active four times in succession in normal mode.

? Note:
  1. When counting a fault, the output message or signal must be transmitted at its last valid value.
  2. If a fault occurs in the initial mode, the fault buzzer (BCM) and fault display (cluster) are activated.
  3. If a fault occurs in the normal mode, the fault is displayed only on the cluster, without the buzzer.

Sensor error (LIN message: 0x08)

Section Fault recognition condition Fault release condition
Initial routine Sensor fault message received once Fault is not reset in the initial mode.
Normal routine Sensor fault message received four times in succession The fault is released when the BCM or LIN master detects that the LIN bus is active four times in succession in normal mode.

? When a fault is displayed, the RCR/RCL indicator is displayed separately. ? Note:
  1. When counting a fault, the output message or signal must be transmitted at its last valid value.
  2. If a fault occurs in the initial mode, the fault buzzer (BCM) and fault display (cluster) are activated.
  3. If a fault occurs in the normal mode, the fault is displayed only on the cluster, without the buzzer.
  4. If a fault occurs in the direct state, the sensors send the same fault status as in the indirect state.

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