Kia Optima Hybrid Owner's Manual Quiz
Body Electrical System

Description and Operation

In this manual: Body Electrical System
General Information — 4Engine Mechanical System — 50Engine Electrical System — 20Emission Control System — 30Engine Control System/Fuel System — 84Automatic Transmission — 98Drive Shaft and Axle — 15Suspension System — 36Steering — 12Restraints — 50Brake System — 38Body (Interior and Exterior) — 54Body Electrical System — 233Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning — 57
23steps
~138min
4/5difficulty
Done 0 of 23

System Overview

PAS (Park Assist System) is an electronic driver assistance system. It warns the driver to exercise caution when parking or driving at low speed after detecting an object at the side and rear of the vehicle using ultrasonic waves. The PAS consists of four PAS sensors that detect obstacles and transmit the result, divided into three warning levels (first, second and third), to the BCM over the communication line. The BCM determines the warning level from the communication message transmitted by the slave sensors, and then activates the buzzer or transmits data for display.
System Operation Specification
  1. INITIAL Mode
    1. The system initialization time is 500 ms after IGN1 + R gear.
    2. PAS recognizes the LID and sets the sensor identifier during initialization.
    3. PAS activates each sensor, and then performs diagnostics after BCM initialization is complete.
    4. PAS starting buzzer operates normally when the sensor does not send a fault message and after the fault diagnosis is complete.
    5. If a fault is received from any sensor, the PAS starting buzzer does not operate, but the warning alarm sounds momentarily. If the vehicle has a display option, a warning symbol is also shown on it.
    6. The sensor failure buzzer sounds once, but the display remains continuously illuminated until the fault is fully rectified.
  2. Normal Mode
    1. LIN communication starts and continues the procedure after IGN1 ON+R.
    2. The BCM sends a operation request message once to each sensor to check the initial system status, and the four sensors are activated simultaneously. At this time, if there are no problems, the alarm starts after 500 ms of shifting into R, at 300 ms intervals.
    3. After initialization, normal mode starts 100 ms after the alarm output is completed.
    4. The obstacle warning is divided into 3 levels. The first and second levels sound intermittently, and the third level sounds continuously.
    5. When displayed, the data of each sensor is sent from the BCM to the display, such as the cluster. CAN communication is used for transmission, and the maximum gateway time is 50 ms.
    6. The effective vehicle speed for PAS operation is less than 10 km/h.
    7. Refer to "Digital PAS LIN Communication" for more detailed communication specifications.
  3. TUNING MODE
    1. In principle, the start conditions are the same as in NORMAL MODE, and use the TUNING TOOL as the MASTER instead of the BCM MASTER.
    2. Therefore, the BCM is not connected to the LIN bus.
    3. The TUNING TOOL displays the analog path after receiving reference and conversion data in the LIN communication diagnostic frame format with the sensors.
    4. Refer to "Digital PAS Project_LIN_communication" for more detailed communication specifications.
  4. CONFIGURATION MODE
    1. The purpose of CONFIGURATION MODE is as follows.
      • Check the assigned ID for each sensor
      • Check the variant ID for each sensor
    2. In principle, the start conditions are the same as in NORMAL MODE, and use the TUNING TOOL as the MASTER instead of the BCM MASTER.
    3. Therefore, the BCM is not connected to the LIN bus.
    4. The TUNING TOOL checks and assigns the supplier ID and function ID.
    5. Refer to the "Digital PAS Project LIN Communication" section for more detailed communication specifications.
  5. Measurement conditions: PVC pole (diameter 75 mm, length 1 m), normal temperature.
  6. Distance to detected object (measured directly in front of the sensor): 61 cm (24.0 in) ~ 100 cm (39.4 in): ± 15 cm (5.9 in); 31 cm (12.2 in) ~ 60 cm (23.6 in): ± 10 cm (3.9 in); Less than 30 cm (11.8 in): ± 10 cm (3.9 in)
Detection Zone / Horizontal Detection Zone / Vertical Detection Zone / Distance Measurement

Direct measurement

Transmission and reception are performed by one sensor (RL, RCL, RCR, RR for each sensor configuration).

Indirect measurement

(RCL > RL, RCL > RCR, RCR > RCL, RCR > RR, performed in order) With two or three sensors, one sensor transmits while the others receive.

Direct and indirect measurement at the same time

With two or three sensors, one sensor performs both transmission and reception, and the others perform reception only.
PAS Warning: When a PAS sensor detects an object, a warning is given through an audible warning device such as a buzzer. The PAS sensor sends data to the BCM via LIN communication, and the BCM outputs the audible warning for each PAS sensor by priority. The BCM acts as a gateway only when sending data to a visual display device such as the cluster.
  • Sensor buzzer / display information processing method in BCM: For RL/RR sensor information, the BCM processes each sensor's information directly for the display output and buzzer output functions. For CL/CR sensor buzzer output, the BCM processes the center combination information and gives priority to both sensors. Otherwise, for display fault information, the BCM sends that information to the cluster for each sensor.
System Operation Specification: When the system is powered (after IGN ON and shifting to R), the MICOM checks each sensor channel. The buzzer sounds for 300 ms every 500 ms. If it detects any fault, even in one sensor, the buzzer of the corresponding faulty sensor sounds instead of the initial starting alarm. The normal mode entry function is shown below.
With R gear, the system function is as follows:
When the R gear is released, the system functions as shown below.
? Acceptable error range on the oscilloscope ±10%. Alarm output characteristics are classified by the distance between sensors. The state logic according to alarm level priority is as follows. (Same sensor)
* Value determination
  1. Low-priority sensor off: ? = 0 ms
  2. Low-priority sensor - 1st warning level: ? < 340 ms
  3. Low-priority sensor - 2nd warning level: ? < 170 ms
  4. Low-priority sensor - 1st warning level: ? = 1700 ms
  5. Low-priority sensor - 2nd warning level: ? = 1700 ms
  6. Low-priority sensor - 3rd warning level: ? = 700 ms
  7. First warning zone (61 cm ~ 100 cm)
  8. Second warning zone (31 cm to 60 cm)
  9. Third warning zone (less than 30 cm)
  10. Alarm period
    1. With visible display
*? Definition of values. Alarm control by distance detection is as shown below. Visual alarm indicator specification: When the transmission is in R, the indicator illuminates on the instrument cluster as shown in the figure below. When the system detects an object, the indicator illuminates immediately. During object detection, if no object is present, the indicator, which is not an alarm, illuminates for two seconds and then turns off after the object is detected. (However, when the third-step alarm changes to the 'No Alarm' state, it illuminates for two seconds and turns off.)
  • It only indicates the obstacle detection position.
  • At the third warning level, the indicator flashes at one-second intervals.
  • In normal alarm level display, the RCR/RCL indicators are combined by priority.
Malfunction Handling

LIN BUS Off case

Section Fault recognition condition Fault release condition
Initial routine LIN BUS OFF detected once Fault is not reset in the initial mode.
Normal routine LIN BUS OFF detected several times in succession The fault is released when the BCM or LIN master detects that the LIN bus is active four times in succession in normal mode.

? Note:
  1. When counting faults, the output message or signal must be transmitted as the last valid value.
  2. Fault in initial mode: the fault buzzer (BCM) operates with the fault display (cluster).
  3. Fault in normal mode: the fault is displayed only on the cluster, without buzzer.

Sensor error (LIN message: 0x08)

Section Fault recognition condition Fault release condition
Initial routine Single detection of the message Fault is not reset in the initial mode.
Normal routine Sensor malfunction. The message is recorded four times in succession. The fault is released when the BCM or LIN master detects that the LIN bus is active four times in succession in normal mode.

? When a fault is displayed, the RCR/RCL indicator is displayed separately. ? Note:
  1. When counting faults, the output message or signal must be transmitted as the last valid value.
  2. Malfunction in the initial mode, the malfunction buzzer (BCM) operates with the malfunction indicator (cluster)
  3. Malfunction in the normal mode, the malfunction is displayed only on the cluster without a buzzer
  4. When a malfunction occurs in the direct condition, the sensors send the same malfunction status for the indirect condition.
PAS communication standard: The PAS sends the object detection result and sensor diagnostic result to the BCM in accordance with this document, and the BCM takes on the role of alarm signaling. The indicator shows the transmitted position and alarm data. In the case of an alarm, it identifies the nearest data and gives the alarm for the nearest data first. (Example: If RL is a first-step alarm and RR is a third-step alarm, the RR alarm has priority.)

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A quick Kia Optima Hybrid Owner's Manual quiz: every answer comes with an explanation and a link to the manual page.