Kia Forte: Brake System / Forward Collision-Avoidance Assist (FCA)

Description and Operation

Description

The FCA system is designed to help avoid a potential collision or reduce its impact when the driver applies insufficient brake force, applies the brakes late, or does not brake at all to avoid a collision.
The system detects road hazards using the front camera and radar sensor, warns the driver, and activates emergency braking to prevent a collision or reduce collision speed.

Deactivation Conditions

General Deactivation by Driver	FCA OFF ACC 2 OFF
Deactivation by Driver	When the maximum operating speed is exceeded. When the shift lever is in R or P position. When the accelerator pedal is depressed halfway.
Deactivation by Driver	When the system detects driver action to avoid a collision, such as sudden steering changes.
Deactivation Due to System Malfunction	Radar/camera/ECU malfunction When related modules and CAN communication have malfunctions

Restrictions

Environmental Factors

Bad weather, such as heavy rain or snow, blocks the field of view of the radar sensor or camera.
The driver's field of view is poorly lit (too dark, too many reflections, or too much backlight blocking the field of view)
Camera/radar is contaminated.

Limitations of Camera and Radar Detection

A vehicle/pedestrian appears suddenly (outside the field of view).
The vehicle ahead is too small to be detected (e.g., motorcycle or bicycle, etc.).
The vehicle ahead does not have its taillights properly turned on.
The vehicle ahead approaches your vehicle or reverses.
The pedestrian is not fully recognized by the system, for example, if the pedestrian is leaning or not walking straight.
The pedestrian wears clothing that easily blends into the background, making detection by the system difficult.
The external lighting is too bright (for example, when driving in bright sunlight or sun glare) or too dark (for example, when driving at night on a dark rural road).
The pedestrian moves very fast or appears suddenly.

Operation

1
Basic Specification (Front camera applied)

※ The indicated time will vary depending on vehicle speed.
- Step 1: Provides a visual (display) and audible warning when a danger is detected.
- Step 2: Reduce engine torque and activate FCA when there is a high probability of collision.
- Step 3: Activate emergency braking when a collision is unavoidable.
- After the vehicle stops: Maintain braking control for a certain time, then release it.
NOTE
- Braking force is adjusted according to the collision risk level, but is released immediately when the driver takes action to avoid a collision.
1. When the maximum operating speed is exceeded.
2. When the system detects driver action to avoid a collision, such as sudden steering changes.
3. When the shift lever is in R or P.
4. When the accelerator pedal is pressed halfway.
Caution
1. When driving at a speed of 60 to 160 km/h or faster, the system does not proceed to Step 3 emergency braking.
  
  - Full automatic braking is not available.
2. When driving at a speed of 60 km/h or higher, the system does not proceed to Step 3 emergency braking.
  
  - A collision may still occur depending on road conditions.
3. The overlap must be less than 50%.
4. FCA does not operate with vehicles that are reversing or moving in the opposite direction.
NOTE
Overlap: Non-overlapping speed on the line between the front vehicle and my vehicle.
1. 0% Overlap:
2. 100% Overlap:
2
When Smart Cruise Control (with front radar) is applied simultaneously.

The specified time varies depending on vehicle speed.
- Step 1: Provides a visual (display) and audible warning when a danger is detected.
- Step 2: Reduce engine torque and activate FCA when there is a high probability of collision.
- Step 3: Activate emergency braking when a collision is unavoidable.
- After the vehicle stops: Maintain braking control for a certain time, then release it.
NOTE
- Braking force is adjusted according to the collision risk level, but is released immediately when the driver takes action to avoid a collision.
1. When the maximum operating speed is exceeded.
2. When the system detects driver action to avoid a collision, such as sudden steering changes.
3. When the shift lever is in R or P.
4. When the accelerator pedal is pressed halfway.
Caution
1. When driving at a speed of 85 to 160 km/h or faster, the system does not proceed to Step 2 emergency braking.
  
  - Full automatic braking is not available.
2. When driving at a speed of 85 km/h or higher, the system does not proceed to Step 3 emergency braking.
  
  - A collision may still occur depending on road conditions.
  
  - Partial braking may be applied depending on the surrounding environment.
  
  - For a vehicle parked ahead, Step 3 full braking is applied after the warning only when the vehicle speed is less than 75 km/h.
  
  Up to Step 2 is performed when the vehicle speed is above 75 km/h.
  
  - For pedestrians and cyclists, Step 3 full braking is applied after the warning only when the vehicle speed is less than 65 km/h.
  
  Up to Step 1 is performed when the vehicle speed is above 65 km/h.
3. The overlap must be less than 50%.
4. FCA does not operate with vehicles that are reversing or moving in the opposite direction.
NOTE
Overlap: Non-overlapping speed on the line between the front vehicle and my vehicle.
1. 0% Overlap:
2. 100% Overlap:

Components and Component Location

Components

The FCA system configuration is shown below.

[Basic Specification (Front Camera Applied)]

Detection device (camera) capable of recognizing potential obstacles ahead.
Human Machine Interface (HMI) to warn the driver or change settings.
Brake system for automatic braking of the vehicle.

[When Smart Cruise Control is applied at the same time (front radar added)]

Detection device (radar and camera) capable of recognizing potential obstacles ahead.
Human Machine Interface (HMI) to warn the driver or change settings.
Brake system for automatic braking of the vehicle.

Unlike FCA (Smart Cruise Control), FCA must operate on a stationary vehicle, so the system uses the Fusion Target to combine the radar with the camera.