Kia Rio: Body Electrical System / Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS)

Components and Component Location

Components

1. LDWS ON/OFF switch
2. Instrument cluster

3. LDWS Unit (MFC)

※ MFC: Multi-Function Camera

Functions: LDWS, HBA, AEB

Description and Operation

Description

System Block Diagram

LDWS Components

No	Item	Function	Position
1	LDWS unit	1 Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS): Recognizes the current driving lane ahead and activates the warning function if the vehicle is at risk of departing from the current lane. 2 High Beam Assist (HBA): Recognizes headlight light from an oncoming vehicle and taillight from a preceding vehicle, and switches the high beams ON/OFF.	Windshield
2	LDWS switch	LDWS ON/OFF switch	Airbag Location (Left)
3	Multifunction switch	HBA On/Off Switch (MF: Automatic Mode)	Steering Wheel
4	Cluster/Buzzer	LDWS Warning	Cluster

The LDWS camera unit processes the following functions using the video signal input.

Detects and analyzes the current driving lane
Detects light from a preceding vehicle and an oncoming vehicle
Detects and analyzes the status of the preceding vehicle and oncoming vehicle, and activates an audible warning (or message) to the driver if necessary.
Transmits information via high-speed CAN communication

Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS) Unit

Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS)	High Beam Assist (HBA)	Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB)

Lane Departure Warning	When light from a vehicle ahead is detected	Vehicle and Pedestrian Detection

The Lane Departure Warning System is a convenience function that detects lanes ahead using camera images and vehicle signal data to alert the driver if the vehicle drifts out of the lane. It consists of a camera unit used to detect the lane by analyzing the input camera image signal.

The image processing module on the screen detects lane lines ahead. The camera unit recognizes the lanes and analyzes key parameters, i.e., the lateral offset of the vehicle center, road width, vehicle yaw angle, and road curvature, for lane keeping. The following procedure describes the lane detection process through the image processing of the screen.

Senses the ground by inputting the road image.
Filters and calculates by amplifying the lane.
Extracts lane candidate points.

(Grouped points are regarded as a lane.)
Senses the ground using lane candidate points.

LDWS Operation Process

When the LDWS switch is pressed, the lane departure warning system operating status is displayed in the center of the cluster as long as the LDWS lamp is on.

The specific classification of displays is shown in the following table.

Category		Operation	LDWS Display and Warning
Control (Button)	On	LDWS ON
	Off	LDWS OFF
Operation Status		Cluster Indicator
Operating Conditions		Activated when the vehicle speed exceeds the set speed while the LDWS is turned on. [Start: 60 km/h ↑] [Stop: 55 km/h ↓] ※ The Lane Departure Warning is not activated when the turn signal or hazard lamp is on.

High Beam Assist

Category		Operation	LDWS Display and Warning
Control (Button)	On	When the high beam switch is turned on (push-return) with the multifunction switch set to AUTO.	HBA ON + Low Beam HBA ON + High Beam
	Off	When the high beam switch is activated again when the multifunction switch is NOT set to AUTO or when HBA is turned on.
Operation Status		LCD Display
Operating Conditions		Activated when the vehicle speed exceeds the set speed while HBA is turned on. [Start: 45 km/h ↑] [Stop: 35 km/h ↓] ※ Activated only when the multifunction switch is set to "AUTO" and the low beam is on.

LDWS ON/OFF Switch (A)

When the LDWS switch is pressed, the LDWS system is activated as long as the LDWS indicator is on. When the LDWS switch is pressed again, the LDWS is turned off and the display lamp goes off.

High Beam Auto Control Switch: The High Beam Auto Control system is turned on when the Light SW of the multifunction switch is set to AUTO and the Light SW is set to the High Beam position (pressed).

If the light switch is not set to the AUTO position or the high beam position, the automatic high beam control system is turned off.

LDWS Warning

Visual warning: The lane in the departure direction flashes yellow.

LDWS Operating Conditions

The LDWS operating conditions are as follows.

1
The LDWS switch is on. The LDWS lamp on the instrument panel comes on when the switch is turned on.
2
The LDWS function is set and the vehicle speed exceeds 60 km/h.

The warning is immediately stopped when the vehicle speed drops below 60 to 55 km/h and restarts when the vehicle speed exceeds 60 km/h.
3
If the driver turns on the left or right turn signal to indicate the intention to change lanes, the warning will be disabled regardless of the lane departure direction.

The lane departure warning function restarts 2 seconds after the left or right turn signal is turned off. The warning is disabled while the hazard warning lights are on.
4
Turn on the turn signal before changing lanes. Changing lanes arbitrarily without turning on the turn signal in the direction of travel generates a warning.
5
The warning is released when the vehicle detects a lane change departure exceeding 40% of the vehicle body crossing the lane.
6
The lane departure warning does not activate when the vehicle is driven in the center of the lane.
NOTE
Note that the LDWS may malfunction under the following conditions.
- When the lane is poorly visible due to rain, snow, dust, puddles, or other foreign materials
- When visibility is poor due to bad weather such as fog, heavy rain, or heavy snow
- When sunlight, street lamps, or vehicle lights are reflected on a wet road surface
- When the brightness changes abruptly after exiting a tunnel
- When the rear lamp strongly illuminates the vehicle's direction
- When the headlights are not used or the light beam is too weak at night or inside a tunnel
- When the lane is not distinguishable and the road is damaged
- When the shadow of the median covers the lane
- When the lane and road are indistinguishable due to dust on the road
- When there are more than 2 lanes to the left or right, for example, bus-only lanes
- On winding or steep roads
- When there are markings on the road other than lane lines, a surface adjacent to the lane, or markings similar to lane lines (for example, arrows)
- When there is a boundary structure such as a curb blocking the view
- When the windshield or LDWS camera lens is contaminated with moisture or foreign matter
- When the distance to the vehicle ahead is very short or the vehicle ahead is driving on the lane line
- When the vehicle is vibrating excessively
- When the vehicle crosses diverging or merging lanes or complex lane intersections (for example, interchanges and toll gates)
- When an object is placed on the instrument panel
- Arrow marking on the road surface
- When the lane is too narrow or too wide
- When the lane color is difficult to distinguish from the road
- When the temperature around the inside rearview mirror is very high due to direct sunlight
- When the LDWS cannot determine the lane line color due to ambient lighting (for example, inside a tunnel, in sections with sodium lamps at night, or during rain)
- When visibility is not good enough to detect other lanes
Caution
- This system does not operate when the vehicle speed is below 60 km/h or when lane markings are not recognized.
- Do not use windshield tinting or attach stickers or accessories around the inside rearview mirror.
- Keep the LDWS away from water.
- Do not disassemble or strike LDWS components randomly.
- Do not place reflective material (white paper or mirror) on the instrument panel, as reflected sunlight may cause a malfunction.
- The driver may not hear the LDWS audible warning due to excessive noise.

Repair Procedures

Service Point Target Automatic Calibration (SPTAC)

This procedure calibrates the camera. Align the vehicle with a well-lit simulated straight road target, preferably a wall, when contacting the service technician.

If the LDWS camera malfunctions, the DTC "System Out of Calibration" is set. Calibration is not within the specified tolerances.

The LDWS will be supplied for replacement in the field together with "System Calibration". The DTC "Required/Variant Coding Error" is set if this is a replacement part supplied directly from the supplier's production.

1
Guidelines for Selecting a Suitable Target

The following conditions are required for successful completion of the LDWS static calibration procedure:
- The target surface (SST: 09890-3V100) must be perpendicular to the camera in both horizontal and vertical orientation to maintain a maximum roll of 1°.
- The target must be attached to a rigid support material to maintain flatness.
- The target must have reflective markings (not faded or poorly painted) to represent lane features.
- Target size: 30 cm wide and 100 cm high.
- The mounting area must NOT have hatching or text markings near the target.
- The target must be well lit for optimal operation when using non-flickering lighting. There must be no continuous shadow cast on the target.

Automatic Calibration Service Target Procedure

It is recommended to check the vehicle wheel alignment and tire pressure to ensure correct camera alignment to the "world" before continuing with the calibration. The vehicle performing the calibration procedure must have its rated production load.
The windshield must be clean and free of silkscreen so that there is no obstruction to the camera.
The service technician connects the diagnostic connector and starts the vehicle. The camera module must not be activated by pressing the switch.
The service calibration procedure may not work correctly if a system-level fault is active.
When working with a replacement ECU: the service technician initiates the SPTAC reset configuration.

The service technician aligns either the vehicle to the target or the target to the vehicle.

The lower edge of the target must be at a height of 90 ± 1 cm (35.4 ± 0.4 in.) from the ground and aligned horizontally with the camera lens axis.

b.	Position of target (A) for short distance: 0 ± 5 cm (0 ± 2 in.) (B) in front of the front bumper.

b.	Position of target (A) for long distance: 100 ± 5 cm (39.4 ± 2 in.) (B) in front of the front bumper. NOTE The horizontal direction tolerance angle of the target is ±10°. The vertical direction tolerance angle of the target is ±5°. Target angle tolerance in front center ± 1°.

After confirming the position of the calibration target at close range, press "OK" on the diagnostic device.
The technician positions the target and checks the "OK" message on the diagnostic tool (KDS/GDS).
After confirming the position of the calibration target at long range, press "OK" on the diagnostic device.

(Perform the location calibration 2 times.)
The technician positions the target and checks the "OK" message on the diagnostic tool (KDS/GDS).
Clear all DTCs.
Turn the ignition OFF, then ON.

Test Drive

NOTE

The system may not activate properly in the following cases:

When the lane is not visible due to bright light or heavy rain.
When the road is covered with snow.
If a puddle on the road surface reflects street lights or the headlights of an oncoming vehicle.
If there is a blocking object, such as a curb along the side of the road.
When there are traces of more than one lane due to road repair.
When the distance to the vehicle ahead is very short.
Be sure to perform a road test to check for normal operation after completing the optical angle test.
Drive on a straight road (longer than 500 m) with 2 white or yellow lane markings at a speed above 64 km/h, and check the warning when you intentionally approach the lane marking.
LDWS operates correctly if the segment spacing of the lane marking is less than 8 m.
LDWS activates when vehicle speed is above 60 km/h.
Perform the test drive on a city road or highway.