Antifreeze - General Information

Do not allow antifreeze to contact exposed skin or painted surfaces of the vehicle. Immediately wash off any accidentally spilled antifreeze with plenty of water. Remember that antifreeze is highly toxic, and ingestion of even small amounts can have the most serious consequences (including death). Never leave antifreeze stored in an improperly closed container, and immediately collect any coolant spilled on the floor. Remember that the sweet smell of antifreeze can attract children and animals. Consult any service station regarding methods for disposing of used coolant. In many regions of the world, special facilities are available for receiving various types of waste fluids. Never pour old coolant into the sewer or onto the ground!

Recently, non-toxic types of antifreeze have been developed; however, they must also be disposed of properly.

A mixture of ethylene glycol-based antifreeze and soft water, prepared in the correct proportions, is normally used to fill the cooling system. The mixture must provide freeze protection down to -30°C, or lower if required depending on the climate zone where the vehicle is operated. In addition to freeze protection, antifreeze gives the mixture anti-corrosion properties and raises its boiling point.

Draining and flushing the cooling system must be performed in accordance with the vehicle maintenance schedule (see Chapter Maintenance and Tune-Up). Using coolant for a longer period may cause various types of system damage, corrosion, and scale buildup. If tap water in the vehicle's operating region is "hard", i.e. has a high content of mineral salts, distilled or rain water should be used to prepare the coolant.

Before adding coolant to the system, check that the hoses are securely clamped to their fittings. Antifreeze has high fluidity and can leak through the smallest gaps. During normal engine operation, coolant is not consumed, so a noticeable drop in coolant level indicates an external leak. The cause must be identified and corrected immediately.

The exact coolant mixture depends on local climate conditions. The antifreeze content of the mixture must not be below 50% or exceed 70%. Refer to the coolant mixture chart, which is usually printed on the container label. Hydrometers for measuring coolant specific gravity (density) are available at almost any automotive accessories store. Use only antifreeze types recommended by the vehicle manufacturer (see Specifications).